Swollen Legs


Swelling in the legs, known medically as leg edema, is characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the legs. It can be the result of a temporary situation such as sitting for a prolonged period, but it may also indicate an underlying health condition. Understanding the root cause is essential for proper management and treatment.

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Treatment Options

  • Elevation: Elevating the legs above the level of the heart can help gravity to drain the fluid and reduce swelling.
  • Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces the risk of leg swelling.
  • Compression stockings: This improves blood flow, reduces swelling, and improves symptoms. Compression increases the external pressure, assisting the veins in pushing blood back up to the heart.
  • Medications: Diuretics (water pills) can help the body eliminate excess fluid, but they must be prescribed by a healthcare professional.
  • Limit Salt Intake: Consuming a diet low in sodium can reduce water retention in the body.
  • Exercise: Regular physical activity can help improve blood circulation, potentially reducing swelling.
  • Treatment of Underlying Condition: Addressing the root cause, such as heart or kidney conditions, is crucial.

Symptoms

  • Noticeable enlargement of one or both legs.
  • Stretched and shiny skin on the legs.
  • Warmth or redness in the affected area.
  • Pain or discomfort in the swollen region.
  • Indentation or pitting: Pressing on the swollen area leaves a dent that takes a few seconds to disappear.
  • Feeling of heaviness or tightness in the legs.

Causes

  • Prolonged standing or sitting: Especially in one position, can lead to fluid accumulation in the legs.
  • Injury: Injuries, such as sprains or fractures, can lead to localized swelling.
  • Venous Insufficiency: Poor return of blood from the legs to the heart can cause swelling.
  • Medications: Some drugs, including certain blood pressure medications, steroids, and hormone replacements, can cause leg swelling.
  • Diseases: Conditions such as congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or liver disease can manifest with leg edema.
  • Blood Clots: A clot can obstruct blood flow, leading to swelling.
  • Lymphedema: A blockage in the lymphatic system can prevent lymph fluid from draining well, leading to swelling.
  • Pregnancy: Increased body fluid and pressure from the growing uterus can cause leg swelling in pregnant women.

Always consult a medical professional to identify the cause of swollen legs and receive an appropriate treatment plan.

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Anwar Mack, MD

Double Board Certified Physician